Experiencing a disability that hinders your ability to work can profoundly affect your financial stability and overall well-being. In the United States, two primary federal programs offer financial assistance to individuals with disabilities: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). Although both programs aim to support disabled individuals, they have distinct eligibility criteria and benefits. The Indianapolis attorneys at Frank & Kraft explain what Indiana residents seeking assistance should know about SSI and SSDI.
Overview of SSDI and SSI
Both SSDI and SSI are administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA) and provide financial aid to individuals unable to work due to significant disabilities. To qualify for either program, applicants must meet the federal definition of disability, which includes:
- The inability to perform previous work.
- The inability to adjust to other types of work due to the medical condition.
- A disability expected to last at least 12 months or result in death.
While these criteria apply to both programs, the pathways to eligibility and the benefits provided differ notably.
Distinguishing SSDI from SSI
The primary distinctions between SSDI and SSI lie in their eligibility requirements and the benefits available for eligible applicants. Eligibility requirements for SSI and SSDI are as follows:
- SSDI: Eligibility is based on an individual’s work history and contributions to the Social Security system through payroll taxes. As you work and pay Social Security taxes, you earn “work credits.” In 2025, one credit is earned for every $1,810 in wages or self-employment income, up to a maximum of four credits per year. Generally, to qualify for SSDI, you need 40 credits, with 20 earned in the last 10 years before becoming disabled. However, younger workers may qualify with fewer credits.
- SSI: This is a needs-based program designed for individuals with limited income and resources, regardless of work history. Eligibility depends on meeting strict financial criteria. In 2025, the resource limits are $2,000 for individuals and $3,000 for couples. Certain assets, like your primary residence and personal belongings, may not count toward these limits.
The benefits provided by SSDI and SSI also differ significantly, both in terms of who can receive benefits and the maximum amount of money available to a recipient, as follows:
- SSDI Benefits: The amount received is based on your average lifetime earnings before your disability began. In 2025, the maximum SSDI benefit is $4,018 per month, though the average payment is approximately $1,580. Additionally, after receiving SSDI benefits for 24 months, beneficiaries become eligible for Medicare. If you are found to be eligible for SSDI, your dependents, including spouses, ex-spouses, and children, may also be eligible.
- SSI Benefits: In 2025, the maximum federal SSI payment is $967 per month for an individual and $1,450 for a couple. These amounts may be supplemented by state programs, and recipients often qualify for Medicaid automatically. Children and even grandchildren may also be eligible for benefits if you receive SSI.
Concurrent Benefits: Receiving Both SSDI and SSI
In certain situations, individuals may qualify for both SSDI and SSI, known as concurrent benefits. This typically occurs when an individual’s SSDI benefit is low, and their total income and resources meet SSI’s strict financial criteria. Receiving concurrent benefits can provide additional financial support to cover basic living expenses.
Common Challenges in the Application Process
Applying for SSDI or SSI can be complex, and many initial applications are denied. To decrease the likelihood of a denial, it helps to know some common reasons for applications to be denied, such as
- Incomplete or inaccurate application forms.
- Insufficient medical evidence demonstrating the severity of the disability.
- Earnings that exceed the substantial gainful activity (SGA) limit, which in 2025 is $1,620 per month for non-blind individuals.
To improve the likelihood of approval, compile a comprehensive set of medical records, including diagnoses, treatments, and how the disability impacts daily activities and work capability. In addition, provide detailed and truthful information about income and assets to ensure eligibility criteria are met and consider consulting with a disability attorney who understands the SSA’s processes and can guide you through the application or appeals process if necessary.
Do You Have Additional Questions about SSI and SSDI?
For more information, please join us for an upcoming FREE seminar. If you have additional questions about SSI and SSDI, contact the experienced Indianapolis estate planning attorneys at Frank & Kraft by calling (317) 684-1100 to schedule an appointment.
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